Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments

摘要

The mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of metal(-\udloid)s are influenced by their interactions with phyllosilicates,\udorganic matter, variable charge minerals, and microorganisms.\udPhysicochemical processes influencing the chemistry of metal(-\udloid)s in soil environments include sorption/desorption, solution\udcomplexation, oxidation-reduction, and precipitationdissolution\udreactions. In particular, the sorption/desorption reactions\udof metal(loid)s on/from soil sorbents are influenced by pH,\udnature of soil components, and presence and concentrations of\udcations and inorganic anions. In recent years, many extraction\udtests have been used for assessing trace elements mobility and\udphytoavailability. Chemical speciation of toxic elements may be\udachieved by spectroscopic analyses (XAS), which provide information\udabout oxidation state, symmetry, and identity of the\udcoordinating ligand environment, and possible solid phases.